economic importance of coconut

The coconut water strengthens your immune system and removes bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, gum diseases and viruses which are causing cold, infection diseases and typhus. 1) Coconut Water: It is liquid endosperm. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. He explained how at Guam "they eat coconuts" ("mangiano cochi") and that the natives there also "anoint the body and the hair with coconut and beniseed oil" ("ongieno el corpo et li capili co oleo de cocho et de giongioli"). The falling of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.[3][5]. Global Coconut production yields 6 million tons in coconut oil equivalent annually and 70% is produced by Philippines, Indonesia and India, Coconut area as a % of viable arable and permanent cropland. Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. 2) The Wet Meat or Kernel: The kernel or endospermis an important article of food being used in culinary purpose. The researchers concluded that it was brought by early Austronesian sailors to the Americas from at least 2,250 BP, and may be proof of pre-Columbian contact between Austronesian cultures and South American cultures. The cups were frequently engraved and decorated with precious metals.[155]. Agriculture Industry In the past, the harvesting of coconuts and their husks was considered part of the waste or for burning fuel, and they did not have much economic benefit. [154] Activated carbon manufactured from coconut shell is considered extremely effective for the removal of impurities. [43], The specific name nucifera is derived from the Latin words nux (nut) and fera (bearing), for 'nut-bearing'. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. Reduces inflammation. Miami is the only city outside of Greenwich, Connecticut, where the organization hosts an event. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009[update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. They are considered a rare delicacy, as harvesting the buds kills the palms. coconut, edible fruit of the coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). Harvesting and Yield in Lucerne Cultivation, Important Problems of Coconut Cultivation, Farming Systems & Sustainable Agriculture, Breeding of Field and Horticultural Crops agriculture information, Fundamentals to Entomology agriculture information, Production Techniques for Biological Control Agents, Practicals on Technology of Milk & Milk Products agriculture information, Economics of Natural Resources & Farm Management agriculture information. Coconuts can only be grown in temperatures above 18C (64F) and need a daily temperature above 22C (72F) to produce fruit. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent, and polyphyllous showing imbricate aestivation in both the whorls. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. The fruit is adapted for ocean dispersal. Moreover, it also helps to increase productivity and improve agricultural product value. Later, the endosperm matures and deposits onto the coconut rind during the cellular phase. On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber, called coir, which has many traditional and commercial uses. [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. Importance of Coconut: The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. All rights reserved. The aim is to knock a coconut off the stand and win it. [90], A system of bamboo bridges and ladders directly connecting the tree canopies are also utilized in the Philippines for coconut plantations that harvest coconut sap (not fruits) for coconut vinegar and palm wine production. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Therefore, eating coconuts regularly reduces the risk of developing osteoporosis. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. What are the importance of coconut and its different uses? A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Coconut plantations can provide wildlife and habitat conservation economic buffer zones. [96] A sprouting coconut seed is the logo for Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, the Indonesian scouting organization. [49][4] Indo-Atlantic type coconuts were also later spread by Arab and South Asian traders along the Indian Ocean basin, resulting in limited admixture with Pacific coconuts introduced earlier to Madagascar and the Comoros via the ancient Austronesian maritime trade network. [39] Thenga, its Tamil/Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. Philippine and Malayan dwarf coconuts diverged early into two distinct types. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. A cloudy white liquid, it has a particularly sharp, acidic taste with a slightly yeasty note.[149]. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. Coconut fruits float readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents and by humans throughout the tropics. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. (1995). Food Industry Coconut is known as a common ingredient in food processing. [134], Newly germinated coconuts contain a spherical edible mass known as the sprouted coconut or coconut sprout. For for the bucking horse, see. [49][50], Genetic studies of coconuts have also confirmed pre-Columbian populations of coconuts in Panama in South America. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. Inflorescence : Large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe. It is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. [58], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatn. ~The effect will be much stronger when consumed by adding ~When mask made with milk inside coconut, color tone of skin will be opened. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. [65][64] The fact that all dwarf coconuts share three genetic markers out of thirteen (which are only present in low frequencies in tall cultivars) makes it likely that they all originate from a single domesticated population. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. [89], Determining whether to harvest is also important. She earned her B.A. ~It also helps to make skin softer and more supple. [21][22], Unlike some other plants, the palm tree has neither a taproot nor root hairs, but has a fibrous root system. Because of their soft textures, they are unsuitable for grating. This accompanies the palagip (prayer to the dead). [172] Irrespective of their religious affiliations, fishermen of India often offer it to the rivers and seas in the hopes of having bountiful catches. Malakanin (literally "cooked rice-like") refers to young coconut meat (around 78 months old) which has a more opaque white appearance, a soft texture similar to cooked rice, and can still be easily scraped off the coconut shell. For other uses, see, "Grated coconut" redirects here. Samosir (eds.) "Chapter 12 Coconut". Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. They eventually form the edible solid endosperm (the "coconut meat" or "coconut flesh") which hardens over time. Perera, Lalith, Suriya A.C.N. Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut vinegar. [180], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. Do you know 80 million poor people depend directly on coconut for their livelihood in 90 countries? The fats in the coconut minimize the pores that attract dirt and bacteria and prevent skin from getting damaged. [146] The sap when fermented can also be made into coconut vinegar or various palm wines (which can be further distilled to make arrack). Hindus often initiate the beginning of any new activity by breaking a coconut to ensure the blessings of the gods and successful completion of the activity. This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. 2017-08-20 10:24:51. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. In the Hainuwele myth from Maluku, a girl emerges from the blossom of a coconut tree. They need year round warmth and moisture to grow well and fruit. [109] The production of coconuts is the main source of Sri Lanka economy, with 12% of cultivated land and 409,244 hectares used for coconut growing (2017). Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Copra prices went down and plantations were neglected or under-planted with other crops. Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. (2006). (January 27, 1967). Consumers feel that fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are the healthiest formats available for processed fruits and vegetables, which has allowed the fresh-cut category to prosper. It is also popular in Indonesia (where it is known as kopyor) for making beverages. . As of 2006, the U. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. In order to resolve this enigma, a 2014 study proposed that the ancestors of Cocos had likely originated on the Caribbean coast of what is now Colombia, and during the Eocene the ancestral Cocos performed a long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic Ocean to North Africa. Its fruits are similar to the coconut, but smaller. [48][51][57] During the colonial era, Pacific coconuts were further introduced to Mexico from the Spanish East Indies via the Manila galleons. The fresh kernel includes moisture 45% protein, 4%, fat 37%, minerals 4% and carbohydrates 10%. Some of the dwarf cultivars such as 'Malayan dwarf' have shown some promising resistance to lethal yellowing, while other cultivars such as 'Jamaican tall' are highly affected by the same plant disease. [78] Manually climbing trees is traditional in most countries and requires a specific posture that exerts pressure on the trunk with the feet. Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.[159] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library. The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). [101][102], Traditional areas of coconut cultivation in India are the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal and, Gujarat and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and if fixed with a handle a ladle. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. 2,0004,000 adventitious roots may grow, each about 1cm (12in) large. It can be eaten as food or used as medicine. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. The coconut's obscure origin in foreign lands led to the notion of using cups made from the shell to neutralise poisoned drinks. In the Malay language, it is pokok seribu guna ("the tree of a thousand uses"). In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics and other value-added & industrial products, its husk is a source offibrewhich supports a sizable coir industry. economic importance of coconut. A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). Improves hair health: Eating or applying coconut oil in your hair stimulates hair growth, prevents hair breakage and split ends. Many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. ", "Indian state decides coconut trees are no longer trees but palms", "Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 13251354", "Coconut Industry in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Export Development Board", "Australia has a lot of coconut palms so why don't we have a coconut industry? Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. [20], The evolutionary history and fossil distribution of Cocos nucifera and other members of the tribe Cocoseae is more ambiguous than modern-day dispersal and distribution, with its ultimate origin and pre-human dispersal still unclear. The husks can be used as flotation devices. Coconuts' versatility is sometimes noted in its naming. However their original distribution was in the Central Indo-Pacific, in the regions of Maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Want this question answered? [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. [64], The dwarf coconut cultivars are fully domesticated, in contrast to tall cultivars which display greater diversity in terms of domestication (and lack thereof). Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on Pacific islands. [18][49] However, they may have also been partially selected for thicker husks for coir production, which was also important in Austronesian material culture as a source for cordage in building houses and boats. Moisturize properly after washing your face. While theres no direct way to make your hair grow faster overnight, there are steps you can take to keep your hair healthy and long. The player buys some small balls which are then thrown as hard as possible at coconuts balanced on sticks. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. PETA later clarified that the use of macaques is not practiced in the Philippines, India, Brazil, Colombia, Hawaii, and other major coconut-producing regions. [121][122], Both Malauhog and Malakanin coconut meat of immature fruits can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. Stem Aerial, erect, unbranched and columnar, having prominent scars of leaf bases. ; Diekmann, M. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. [33], The name coconut is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull' after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. [114], The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropics for decoration, as well as for its many culinary and nonculinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm can be used by humans in some manner and has significant economic value. A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 litres (79 US gallons) of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400L (110USgal). Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. Other aspects such as seed size, shape and weight, and copra thickness are also important factors in the selection of new cultivars. Though Kerala has the largest number of coconut trees, in terms of production per hectare, Tamil Nadu leads all other states. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although most dwarf varieties are self-pollinating. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. In Kerala, coconut trunks are used for house construction. in history at New Mexico State University. [153], The husk and shells can be used for fuel and are a source of charcoal. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. The process of husk extraction from the coir bypasses the retting process, using a custom-built coconut husk extractor designed by ASEANCanada Forest Tree Seed Centre in 1986. The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosp Coconut Research Center. The coconut palm thrives on sandy soils and is highly tolerant of salinity. They grow best near sea level, within 15 degrees of the Equator. Elvira Bowen is a food expert who has dedicated her life to understanding the science of cooking. [84] Modern methods use hydraulic elevators mounted on tractors or ladders. [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Partially defatted edible coconut grating is an excellent product and used in bakery and confectionary. Coconuts are high in fiber, which helps bulk up your stool and supports bowel regularity, keeping your digestive system healthy ( 6 , 17 ). The small cylindrical embryo is embedded in the solid endosperm directly below the functional pore of the endosperm. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration.