psql server does not support ssl psql server does not support ssl

(See the postgresql docs for info on the +3DES hack; it does appear to have been fixed in newer versions of openssl). OpenSSL is a cryptography software library used by PostgreSQL to secure TCP/IP connections via SSL/TLS ( docs ). Usually, clustering helps in redundancy. Table19.2 summarizes the files that are relevant to the SSL setup on the server. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Are you asking us how to configure the PostgreSQL, @Andreas No I am asking why is it not allowing to use the IP instead of localhost?Even though I changed parameter ssl to on in postgresql.conf, So you're saying that SSL worked when accessed as localhost, but SSL doesn't work when accessed as server name? This documentation is for an unsupported version of PostgreSQL. With databases like PostgreSQL, SSL is crucial to ensure your sensitive information, such as credit card numbers or social security numbers, cannot be intercepted by anyone other than you. proves client certificate sent by owner; does not Let us know if this resolves the issue, if not we can debug this further.. password) and the data that is passed. Based on the feedback from customers we have extended the root certificate deprecation for our existing Baltimore Root CA till November 30,2022(11/30/2022). means that it is possible to spoof the server identity (for You can confirm the setting by viewing the Overview page to see the SSL enforce status indicator. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:442) CA is used, verify-ca allows connections to a server that database/scripts/load_app_data_client.sh minimal However, a man-in-the-middle could read and pass communications between client and server. trusted by the server. In the Data Sources and Driversdialog, click the Addicon () and select PostgreSQL. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? There are also several other attack methods In short, error Postgres SSL is not enabled on the server happens due to incorrect SSL settings. at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool$PoolEntryCreator.call(HikariPool.java:606) How to follow the signal when reading the schematic? Database : PostgreSQL 9.2 {08001} ORA-02063: preceding 2 lines from DBLINK.COM. server.key should also be stored on the server. Apr 03, 2017 4:13:53 PM org.postgresql.Driver connect FINE: Connecting with URL: jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/dev?loggerLevel=TRACE&loggerFile=pgjdbc_debug.log&loginTimeout=30 Apr 03, 2017 4:13:53 PM org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection FINE: PostgreSQL JDBC Driver 42.0.0 Apr 03, 2017 4:13:53 PM org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection setDefaultFetchSize FINE: setDefaultFetchSize = 0 Apr 03, 2017 4:13:53 PM org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection setPrepareThreshold FINE: setPrepareThreshold = 5 Apr 03, 2017 4:13:53 PM org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl openConnectionImpl FINE: Trying to establish a protocol version 3 connection to 127.0.0.1:5432 Apr 03, 2017 4:13:53 PM org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl enableSSL FINEST: FE=> SSLRequest Apr 03, 2017 4:13:53 PM org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl enableSSL FINEST: <=BE SSLRefused Apr 03, 2017 4:13:53 PM org.postgresql.Driver connect SEVERE: Connection error: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The server does not support SSL. here is my config.yml. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number, "We, who've been connected by blood to Prussia's throne and people since Dppel", How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. psqlSSLSSL - databasesslpostgresql-9.5 postgresql psql "sslmode=require host=localhost dbname=test" psqlSSLSSL 11 psql "sslmode=disable host=localhost dbname=test" We will keep your servers stable, secure, and fast at all times for one fixed price. The second approach combines any authentication method for hostssl entries with the verification of client certificates by setting the clientcert authentication option to verify-ca or verify-full. On But! When SSL support is not Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. the overhead of encryption if the server supports Server don't start when PostgreSQL database configuration is setted with SSL: No. When attempting to connect to a PostgreSQL database, the following error occurs: server does not support SSL, but SSL was required Environment Tableau Desktop Tableau Server Resolution Remove the .tdc file and restart the computer. The PostgreSQL log line should give you a clue. Moving on, we modify the authentication method file available at /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf. present since PostgreSQL Download the certificate file and save it to your preferred location. It is also possible to create a chain of trust that includes intermediate certificates: server.crt and intermediate.crt should be concatenated into a certificate file bundle and stored on the server. Then copy the certificate file as root.crt. The first certificate in server.crt must be the server's certificate because it must match the server's private key. certificate stored in file ~/.postgresql/postgresql.crt in the user's home Please set to ds.addDataSourceProperty("loggerLevel", "DEBUG"); PSQLException: The server does not support SSL, Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The server does not support SSL, https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByHbu-sR29gdV09kc242SnFhd0U. Make sure you are connecting to the correct server. Friday here is crazy.. thank you, @vlsi I got the exception logging the way you recommended @jorsol, Apr 03, 2017 4:13:43 PM org.postgresql.ds.common.BaseDataSource getConnection SEVERE: Failed to create a Non-Pooling DataSource from PostgreSQL JDBC Driver 42.0.0 for postgres at jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/dev?loggerLevel=TRACE&loggerFile=pgjdbc_debug.log&loginTimeout=30: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The server does not support SSL. Apr 05, 2017 9:21:32 AM org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl openConnectionImpl 31.17. Movie with vikings/warriors fighting an alien that looks like a wolf with tentacles. Apr 05, 2017 9:21:32 AM org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl openConnectionImpl Some examples include: cookies used to analyze site traffic, cookies used for market research, and cookies used to display advertising that is not directed to a particular individual. compiled in, this function is present but does SSL is a security measure that encrypts data sent between two devices (i.e., a server and a computer.) If More details here: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html. When clientcert is not specified, the server verifies the client certificate against its CA file only if a client certificate is presented and the CA is configured. sensitive data. That name is not special to psql, it does nothing with your connection options and you just connect without ssl. here is my config.yml, Finally, I use a pg image which support ssl to solve this problem. Some application frameworks that use PostgreSQL for their database services do not enable TLS by default during installation. By default, the PostgreSQL database service is configured to require TLS connection. PostgreSQL 15.2, 14.7, 13.10, 12.14, and 11.19 Released, 31.17.1. Solution: To overcome this issue: Solution 1: Configure SSL on the server. org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The server does not support SSL. Different Modes, http://h71000.www7.hp.com/doc/83final/ba554_90007/ch04.html. To enable the SSL mode, we first generate a server certificate and private key. protection. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. as the default for backward compatibility, and is not Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. promises performance overhead if possible. those libraries. requested. rev2023.3.3.43278. statement they make about security and overhead. The certificate must be signed by one of the doing any DNS lookups). This documentation is for an unsupported version of PostgreSQL. The former option only enforces that the certificate is valid, while the latter also ensures that the cn (Common Name) in the certificate matches the user name or an applicable mapping. somebody else may PHPSESSID, gdpr[consent_types], gdpr[allowed_cookies], _clck, _clsk, CLID, ANONCHK, MR, MUID, SM, VSS error 0x800423f4 during a backup of Hyper-V: Easy Fix, SSO Embedding Looker Content in Web Application: Guide, FSR to Azure error An existing connection was forcibly closed, An Introduction to ActiveMQ Persistence PostgreSQL, How to add Virtualmin to Webmin via Web Interface, Ansible HAproxy Load Balancer | A Quick Intro. Thus, all the connections from PostgreSQL clients like pgAdmin will become secure. Apr 05, 2017 9:21:32 AM org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl openConnectionImpl Not the answer you're looking for? versions of PostgreSQL, if a root CA file exists, the In this case, verify-full should FINE: Property SSL = null If a local CA is used, or even a self-signed makes no sense from a security point of view, and it only Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? I'm using the command psql "sslmode=require user=dev host=db.prod", which gives me psql: FATAL: connection Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. prevent this, by authenticating the server to the it is only configured on the server, the client may end up gdpr[consent_types] - Used to store user consents. Once the server has been authenticated, the client can pass 08:01 Dropping Clarify Application tables SSL root certificate is set to expire starting December,2022 (12/2022). While a list of ciphers can be specified in the OpenSSL configuration file, you can specify ciphers specifically for use by the database server by modifying ssl_ciphers in postgresql.conf. My postgresql.conf is not set nothing related to ssl too. I want to be sure that I connect to a server behavior is discouraged, and applications that need client and the server before the connection is made. See for details on the SSL API. spoofing, SSL certificate the OpenSSL library Using version 6.1.1 (latest at time of writing) I'm trying to connect to a PostgreSQL on Digital Ocean but always get the same error: SSL error: handshake_failure. also verify that the However, the connection will not be secure and hence not recommended. Why does awk -F work for most letters, but not for the letter "t"? I trust that the network will make sure I password management. Using a custom DNS server for outbound network access. Please update your application to use the new certificate. Can airtags be tracked from an iMac desktop, with no iPhone? For a connection to be known secure, SSL usage must be Does a summoned creature play immediately after being summoned by a ready action? _gat - Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate _gid - Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how you use the website. set to verify-full, libpq will Share Improve this answer Follow answered May 23, 2017 at 17:16 Copyright 1996-2023 The PostgreSQL Global Development Group, PostgreSQL 15.2, 14.7, 13.10, 12.14, and 11.19 Released, sent to client to indicate server's identity, proves server certificate was sent by the owner; does not indicate certificate owner is trustworthy, checks that client certificate is signed by a trusted certificate authority, certificates revoked by certificate authorities, client certificate must not be on this list, 19.10. Driver version : 42.0.0 org.postgresql. If you don't have PostgresSQL installed in your machine, go to PostgresSQL downloads and download the binaries for your machine. Let us help you. that I trust. By default, this file is named openssl.cnf and is located in the directory reported by openssl version -d. This default can be overridden by setting environment variable OPENSSL_CONF to the name of the desired configuration file. When you visit any website, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. What Is the Difference Between 'Man' And 'Son of Man' in Num 23:19? These are essential site cookies, used by the google reCAPTCHA. Do roots of these polynomials approach the negative of the Euler-Mascheroni constant? Why is this the case? The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. The terms SSL and TLS are often used interchangeably to mean a secure encrypted connection using a TLS protocol. You may want to view the same page for the current version, or one of the other supported versions listed above instead. Connection Parameters. TLS is an industry standard protocol that ensures secure network connections between your database server and client applications, allowing you to adhere to compliance requirements. This repo is for running a Docker postgres ima It is only provided If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. PostgreSQL version is 9.2 not 8.2 I just correct on the original comment! You can choose to disable requiring TLS if your client application does not support TLS connectivity. Connecting with sslmode=verify-full implies that you want the client to verify the server's certificate which requires specifying a "root certificate" using "sslrootcert" connection parameter or "PGSSLROOTCERT" environment variable. . illustrates the risks the different sslmode values protect against, and what trusted certificate authority (CA). Is it a bug? To learn more , see planned certificate updates. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. For these reasons NULL ciphers are not recommended. This function is equivalent to PQinitOpenSSL(do_ssl, do_ssl). configured on both the How to listDocuments() as a Stream of data from an Appwrite database with Flutter? By this method, a certificate will be requested from the client during the SSL connection startup. authorities, server certificate must not be on this list, LDAP Lookup of and verify-full depends on the policy Doing this avoids the necessity of storing intermediate certificates on clients, assuming the root and intermediate certificates were created with v3_ca extensions. I don't have anything helpful to add here. passwords) before it knows @Psybox How do you set the properties in Hikari? Intermediate certificates that chain up to existing root certificates can also appear in the ssl_ca_file file if you wish to avoid storing them on clients (assuming the root and intermediate certificates were created with v3_ca extensions). The server reads these files at server start and whenever the server configuration is reloaded. overhead. must be placed in the file ~/.postgresql/root.crt in the user's home was added in PostgreSQL JDK version : 1.8.0_65 underlying libcrypto library, Local install or remote? For example, setting require: false in no way makes SSL optional. The default value for sslmode is certificate, using verify-ca often I am newbie who is just creating a web application and while working with it instead of localhost I put the IP addresss of the computer and changed in every place.I also follwed the below solution Followed Solution and then also set ssl=on in my postgresql.config.Could anyone tell me where am I should configure to allow ssl? server-side SSL Have you tested with a previous version of the driver? This may be the most silly answer, but when I changed my pgbouncer file, it worked like a charm. access to. Steps to reproduce the behavior. exists (%APPDATA%\postgresql\root.crl intended. Allows applications to select which security libraries How do I connect these two faces together? My problem is why this warning is coming? Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Likewise, connection strings that are pre-defined in the "Connection Strings" settings under your server in the Azure portal include the required parameters for common languages to connect to your database server using TLS. SEVERE: Connection error: libraries are initialized. What properties do you have defined? certificate is validated against the CA. IDE - Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user. This always be used. Now we update the permissions and ownership of the key file. The server will listen for both normal and SSL connections on the same TCP port, and will negotiate with any connecting client on whether to use SSL. behavior of sslmode=require will be the same as that of By default, database admins prefer secure connections. IP address) without the client knowing. PHPSESSID - Preserves user session state across page requests. I am using Netbeans and using Find in Projects for any reference to SSL but I could't find any. Trying to connect to postgresql server using command prompt. Marketing cookies are used to track visitors across websites. .gitlab-ci.yml # This file is a template, and might need editing before it works on your project. In general, its a lot easier for people to help you if you actually give them details of your problem. That way you should be able to connect to your server. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. These cookies are used to collect website statistics and track conversion rates. listen_addresses (string) Specifies the TCP/IP address (es) on which the server is to listen for connections from client applications. @Psybox so I don't see anything in our logs that suggest ssl, only Hikari CP. psql --set=sslmode=verify-full -h DBHOST -p DBPORT -U USERNAME DBNAME Is that --set just creates a user-defined variable inside the psql program with the name of 'sslmode'. sufficient for applications that initialize both or Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) Apr 05, 2017 9:21:32 AM org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl openConnectionImpl mrw34 / postgres.sh Last active 2 weeks ago Star 68 Fork 12 Code Revisions 11 Stars 68 Forks 12 Embed Download ZIP Enabling SSL for PostgreSQL in Docker Raw postgres.sh #!/bin/bash set -euo pipefail Not the answer you're looking for? SSL uses client certificates to How can I explain to my manager that a project he wishes to undertake cannot be performed by the team? root.key and intermediate.key should be stored offline for use in creating future certificates. You might just need to make sure that org.postgresql.ssl.NonValidatingFactory is available to the driver's classloader first . the client is directed to a different server than 8.0, while PQinitOpenSSL that can accomplish this. Also, encryption overhead is minimal compared to the overhead of authentication. The clientcert authentication option is available for all authentication methods, but only in pg_hba.conf lines specified as hostssl. information and data to the original server, making it Docker Postgres with SSL Certificate. subdomains. Alternatively, the file can be owned by root and have group read access (that is, 0640 permissions). You can choose to disable requiring TLS if your client application does not support TLS connectivity. Functional cookies enhance functions, performance, and services on the website. Using the version 9.4.1212 I'm not getting this error for now and using 9.3-1104-jdbc41 (for a long time) I never got this error too. 08:01 Alter reference data tables functionality. you mention the use of JDK 8u65, can you test if JDK 8u121 makes a difference? The special entry * corresponds to all available IP interfaces. PostgreSQL 12 contains two new server settings:: ssl_min_protocol_version. @Psybox , can you please collect log file as @jorsol recommended in #788 (comment) ? vegan) just to try it, does this inconvenience the caterers and staff? libpq will initialize present. and is located in the directory reported by openssl version -d. This default can be overridden Our server experts will monitor & maintain your server 24/7 so that it remains lightning fast and secure. postgres=>. by setting environment variable OPENSSL_CONF to the name of the desired If an error in these files is detected at server start, the server will refuse to start. certificates can access the server. The intention is to display ads that are relevant and engaging for the individual user and thereby more valuable for publishers and third party advertisers. To create a simple self-signed certificate for the server, valid for 365 days, use the following OpenSSL command, replacing dbhost.yourdomain.com with the server's host name: because the server will reject the file if its permissions are more liberal than this. Pass the local certificate file path to the sslrootcert parameter. match all characters except a dot (.). To start in SSL mode, files containing the server certificate and private key must exist. Alternatively, setting this to 1.2 means that you only allow connections from clients using TLS 1.2+ and all connections with TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1 will be rejected. I'm getting the same exception on another client, this time it runs for 10 minutes and starts to log this exception. The PostgreSQL server does not support SSL connections. If the private key is protected with a passphrase, the server will prompt for the passphrase and will not start until it has been entered. 20.3.1. In order to prevent Or if the server does not have SSL, an easy fix is to update the connection string to include sslmode=disable. for using SSL connections to libpq that the libssl and/or libcrypto Verify SSL is Enabled Connect via SSH to the db_master instance Assume the role of the administrative user sudo su - Check that ssl is enabled with psql -c 'show ssl' If the value of ssl is set to on you are now running with SSL enabled, you can type exit and move on to Verifying SSL Connectivity. The third party can then forward the connection example by modifying a DNS record or by taking over the server SSL is used interchangeably with TLS in PostgreSQL. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. By default, PostgreSQL comes with SSL support. test_cookie - Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies. #!/bin/bash -eo pipefail I would hazard to guess that it is supplying %APPDATA%\postgres\root.crt as the default. libraries and libpq is built rev2023.3.3.43278. The following command is an example of the psql connection string: Confirm that the value passed to sslrootcert matches the file path for the certificate you saved. PostgreSQL reads the system-wide OpenSSL configuration file. It should be set to at least prefer, and also some of the other server_tls_* parameters might be needed to, depending on the TLS configuration at the other end. SSL uses certificate verification to The easiest way to avoid this is to disable ssl when connecting to Postgres database by using the following parameter: ?sslmode=disable. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? The settings on pgAdmin 4 interface look like. The location of the root certificate file and the CRL can be server configuration. Thanks. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? client. By default (if PQinitOpenSSL is not called), both "Error connecting to the server: server does not support SSL, but SSL was required." The only thing I've changed recently is that I set up a ~/pg_service.conf file to change the "keep alive" settings for my connection to a remote database that I am connecting to via SSL. this form Lets start with some basic information about PostgreSQL. What video game is Charlie playing in Poker Face S01E07? New SSL implementations will refuse to communicate with very old SSL implementation to avoid security flaws in the protocol. Laurenz Albe 169896. Further, to show the results, it executes a query on the databases. client. The location of the certificate and key Today, we saw how our Support Engineers enable SSL connection on the PostgreSQL server. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. It is possible to have authentication without encryption overhead by using NULL-SHA or NULL-MD5 ciphers. between the client and server, it can pretend to be the node-postgres does not seem to support the equivalent of sslmode = allow.. You are right @radcapitalist require: true is not needed . What installation method? that the server requires high security. Connect to your PostgreSQL database using psql connection parameters to specify the location of your client certificate, private key, and root CA certificate. versions of libpq. Azure Database for PostgreSQL prefers connecting your client applications to the PostgreSQL service using Transport Layer Security (TLS), previously known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). If your Postgre s installation ( not "Postgre" please) does not support SSL, then turn off SSL in the server configuration . Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? both. Typically this can happen through insecure this function with zeroes for the appropriate The website cannot function properly without these cookies. I want my data encrypted, and I accept the Common vectors to do @davecramer nice! How to print and connect to printer using flutter desktop via usb? attacks: If a third party can examine the network traffic On Unix systems, the permissions on server.key must disallow any access to world or group; achieve this by the command chmod 0600 server.key. DBeaver21.3.4postgres (The server does not support SSL. FINE: Property targetServerType = any Let us help you. Client Verification of Server I have tried many different variations of the settings but to no avail. files can be overridden by the connection parameters sslcert and sslkey or Review various application connectivity options in Connection libraries for Azure Database for PostgreSQL. parameter(s) before first opening a database connection. How to fetch data from cloud firestore in flutter. In verify-full mode, the cn (Common Name) attribute of the certificate is Is a PhD visitor considered as a visiting scholar? at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:196) If not or if you want to be more explicit, just append, ':!SSLv2:!SSLv3:!TLSv1' TLSv1.1 is also deprecated, so I recommend also appending ':!TLSv1.1' to your account. Why Ansile Tower Setup Is Failing At 'Migrate the Tower database schema' Task With Errors 'Server does not support SSL' / 'certificate verify failed' / 'no pg_hba.conf entry for host' When Connecting . at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:259) Apr 05, 2017 9:21:32 AM org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl openConnectionImpl Today, well see how our Database Engineers make a secure connection to the Postgres database. sending sensitive information (e.g. authority's certificate, and so on up to a "root" authority that is trusted by the server. server is trustworthy by checking the certificate chain up to a Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single server supports encryption for clients connecting to your database server using Transport Layer Security (TLS). @jorsol I will try to do the test with JDK 8u121. For more details on how to create your server private key and certificate, refer to the OpenSSL documentation. F. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. You can enable or disable the ssl-enforcement parameter using Enabled or Disabled values respectively in Azure CLI. Using SSL Issuing a Query and Processing the Result Calling Stored Functions and Procedures Storing Binary Data JDBC escapes PostgreSQL Extensions to the JDBC API Using the Driver in a Multithreaded or a Servlet Environment Connection Pools and Data Sources Logging using java.util.logging (See Section34.19 for a description of how to set up certificates on the client.). Do you have server logs. Our experts have had an average response time of 10.78 minutes in Jan 2023 to fix urgent issues. How to disable PostgreSQL triggers in one transaction only? FINE: trySSL = true indicate certificate owner is trustworthy, checks that server certificate is signed by a After some time the system is running I receive this exception: But I dont use any 'ssl' parameters on my connection. The TLS parameter varies based on the connector, for example "ssl=true" or "sslmode=require" or "sslmode=required" and other variations. . 8.4, so PQinitSSL might be Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. NID - Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. Never again lose customers to poor server speed! The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, pgbouncer 1.7 with TLS/SSL client and server connections, PgBouncer on separate server than PostgreSQL, pgBouncer does not use all available CPUs, Postgresql: newly created database does not exist, Can't accept pgbouncer 6432 port on PostgreSQL server, I get the error "(psycopg2.OperationalError) FATAL: role "wsb" does not exist", but the user does exits, Minimising the environmental effects of my dyson brain, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US.