hispanic methods of treatment hispanic methods of treatment

Latinos have disproportionately higher rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Materials are available in English and Spanish. First among these, of course, is a language barrier. 10Mead et. Abdominal pain may be attributed to empacho, or food stuck in the intestine. The material in this section is part of a larger project by the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics on culturally competent care; that is, health care that is sensitive to the differing values and needs of cultural subgroups within our pluralistic society. "7 In the context of a hospital or medical clinic, where medical terminology can be complicated and communication often takes place quickly and amidst elevated emotions, this language barrier can be especially problematic. 15 supp. Prayer was reported as helping to reduce stress and anxiety. Specifically, to Latin America, to people from the Caribbean, South America, and Central America. For instance, 2002 estimates of life expectancy for Latinos was 77.2/83.7 years (male/female) compared to 68.4/75.1 for African-Americans and 74.7/80.1 for non-Hispanic whites.3 Latinos are less likely than non-Hispanic whites and African-Americans to suffer from heart disease (which is nevertheless the leading cause of death in all three groups). Maria is a 54-year-old Mexican immigrant with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. While not considering Hispanics as a distinct race, the U.S. Census (utilizing federally delineated categories) defines someone "Hispanic" or "Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. Still, at the risk of oversimplifying, several trends emerge: -simpatia-politeness and the avoidance of hostile confrontation -personalismo-the value of warm personal interaction -respeto-the importance of showing respect to authority figures, usually including health care providers -familismo-collective loyalty to extended family and commitment to family obligation; -fatalismo-the belief that individuals cannot do much to alter fate15. Among Hispanics who needed but did not receive treatment in the past year, 95.8% did not feel the need for it, 2.2% felt the need for treatment but did not make an effort to get it, and 2.0% felt the need for treatment and did make an effort to get it. Interferon gammarelease assays are preferred to tuberculin skin testing in immigrants with a history of BCG vaccination. The cases and reflections illustrate the kinds of challenges patients and health care professionals face when they come from different cultures and speak different languages. Other healing specialties include yerberas (herbalists), hueseros (bone setters), parteras (midwives), and sobradores (similar to physical therapists).21, Symptoms are often interpreted differently based on cultural presuppositions. After immigration, some Latios adopt American naming conventions, but others do not. The aim of this study is to examine surgical management and overall mortality among different subgroups of women who self-identify as Hispanic. using as treatment, if they remained open-minded, and if doctors had an understanding of folk medicine.37 Another common barrier within healthcare delivery is that the alternative or traditional medicine within the Latino culture is deeply rooted in spirituality and religion.38 While in the United States, However, as gold rush fever swept the country, Chinese immigrants, too, were attracted to the notion of quick fortunes. Some trials examined overall CAM use, whereas others looked at. 1 (Sept. 2007). 8Holly Mead et. Treatment innovations are described that address the combination of intergenerational and cultural differences that occur among youths and their Hispanic parents. The cultural value of modestia (modesty), which is related to respect, is often neglected.27 Latinos may be conservative in this area, and physical exposure should be negotiated as the examination warrants. The same is also applies to the substance abuse treatment. Azarcon and greta (lead salts) and azogue (mercury) compounds, which are sometimes given for teething or empacho, are contraindicated.22 Some injuries have occurred with curandero treatment of caida de la mollera (fallen fontanel). A 2020 review study found that those in the Hispanic community may face several barriers that affect access to treatment, including: higher rates of unemployment less likelihood of having. These terms are derived from the Spanish verb curar, which means to heal. 3 Essentially, a curandero or curandera removes mental, emotional, physical and spiritual illnesses or imbalances. You explain why these interventions are necessary, but acknowledge her frustration and agree to revise her diet. After some negotiation, she agrees to see a dietitian and a bilingual counselor, and agrees to take just two medications, metformin (Glucophage) and lisinopril (Zestril), although she understands that they will not make her feel better right away. This free webinar will discuss a guide for service providers, which includes aspects such as how culture change affects Hispanics and Latinos. This reliance does not necessarily replace modern biomedicine; rather, herbal remedies and other non-allopathic treatments often are utilized in conjunction with Western medical care. Approximately 43 percent of Mexican Americans older than 20 years are obese, compared with 33 percent of non-Latino whites. One exception is the Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent . Missing data was handled using this carry-forward method. The extra time necessary for this technique is justified by the prospect of much better understanding and adherence.31. We sought to compare the treatment outcomes of undocumented and documented patients 12-months after entering HIV care. She says that since her husband died, she has lost interest in what might happen to her in the future. Visit SAMHSA on Instagram Patient activation will help motivate the patient to become involved in his or her own care. 13 Kaiser, "A Provider's Handbook," 6-7. Interferon gammarelease screening tests are preferable to tuberculin skin testing in immigrants who have received the bacille Calmette-Gurin vaccine. Similarly, in a national epidemiological survey of Latino households in the U.S., of those who reported awareness of a problem with at least one symptoms (overweight, binge eating, or weight control), only one fifth to one third of Latinos in this sample reported ever receiving treatment for an eating disorder (Alegria et al., 2007). Lack of third party reimbursement for professional interpreter services exacerbates this problem. Personalismo, a personal connection, can be achieved by asking about the patient and his or her family. A consequence of these problems is a marked disparity in the quality of care that Latino patients receive. Compared with non-Latino whites, Mexican Americans have up to a three times higher incidence of diabetes mellitus and a three times higher prevalence of obesity, but hypertension-related mortality is only 4 percent higher (not a significant difference). Her husband died in an industrial accident four years ago, and she is still grieving. Because people stand closer to each other in most Latino cultures, physical proximity is also perceived as being more personable. Although most Latinos living in the U.S. do speak at least some English, 60 percent of Latino adults speak primarily Spanish at home.6 According to the U.S. Census, more than half of U.S. Latino residents age 5 and older speak English "very well," but a nevertheless significant number of Latino adults speak English "not well" or "not at all. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of antiretroviral-naive patients 18 years and older attending their first visit at Thomas Street Health Center in . Among U.S. states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanic ancestry, at 47 percent (as of July 1, 2012). Genetics, environment, and life experiences can all have an impact on . . Her face lights up when you share this. In Santa Clara County the figure is 25.7 percent-over a quarter of the total population. 14 Kleinman et. Importantly, many Latinos themselves prefer the latter term, since it avoids reference to the more recent European colonial powers (from "Hispania," or the Iberian Peninsula) that laid claim to Latin America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Latino/Hispanic families can provide much support to a child with the disorder and protect him or her from the development of conduct problems (Bauermeister et al., 2005). These barriers include language, lack of insurance, different cultural beliefs, and in some cases, illegal immigration status, mistrust, and illiteracy. Thematic analysis was used to identify common patterns and form recommendations for future research and programs. Delgado Melvin Activities and Hispanic Groups Issues and Suggestions Social from FIL. Addiction can affect a person's impulse control, ability to stop using a substance, using despite risks, and physical and mental changes. 108 17-00084 at Western Philippines University . Fluegelman, Andrew, ed. Exposure to U.S. media is changing traditional Latino perceptions of health, diet, and body image, even as non-Latino Americans are influenced by Mexican cuisine and culture. savoie's real cajun dressing mix; PURPOSE Though patient variables are likely to play an important role in the undertreatment of depression, little is known of patients' perceptions of standard depression treatments. Topics. Each person is unique and simultaneously formed by a variety of cultures and subcultures, not to mention personal choices and socioeconomic circumstances. First-generation immigrants are likely to seek out curanderos, whereas their children may scoff at the idea. The American Psychological Association (APA) found that only one percent of psychologists identified themselves as Hispanic even though Hispanics represent 20 percent of the U.S. population as a whole. Plants are used on their own, or mixed together to form herbal remedies. 37% of Latinos have. Publicaciones de SAMHSA disponibles en espaol (Additional SAMHSA Spanish-language publications). Cysticercosis is caused by consumption of contaminated with pork tapeworm. This is especially (though far from uniquely) true in the agricultural sector of the U.S. economy. Respeto implies attentive concern for the patient and respect of his or her personhood and age, especially if the patient is older. US Hispanics, currently the largest minority group in the country, face disparities in the recognition and treatment of major depression. Approximately half (49.6%) of the patients were aged at least 65 years. Many Latino immigrants experience tremendous stress once they are in the United States. One way of describing the distinction is that modern Western doctors are primarily trained to diagnose and treat diseases (in a purely biomedical sense), while traditional healers approach the patient as one suffering from an illness-that is, a culturally located experience of sickness.12 Among some Latino subcultures, folk illnesses such as empacho (a digestive ailment), mal de ojo (the "evil eye"), mollera caida (fallen fontanelle), susto (fright illness), and nervios (vulnerability to stressful experiences) are commonly described; and traditional healers range from curanderos (Mexican healers) and sobadores (traditional masseuses and bone setters) to yerberos (herbalists) and espiritistas (spiritual healers).13 Reliance on folk medicine certainly is not to be found in every, or even most, Latino communities; but it does exist as part of the health care landscape and is found among many patients from Mexico, as well as from various other regions within Latin America. Trauma-Focused CBT is one of the most effective types of treatment for a trauma-based disorder, particularly in adolescents and children. 3Pan American Health Organization, "For U.S. Latinos, Shared Heritage Has an Impact on Health," June 9, 2004 (www.paho.org). Cross-cultural interviewing can be facilitated by following specific guidelines, and several mnemonics have been developed for use by physicians. This consortium study defined distinct somatic cancer gene mutation patterns by race/ethnicity and sex among patients with early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), yielding novel biological clues into early-onset CRC disparities. Master the basics of the Virta Treatment and understand the full patient experience. A significant share of Hispanic adults who lack a regular health care provider are native born, have a high school diploma, speak English and have health insurance. Keeping these cautionary notes in mind, the cases and commentaries in this section seek to address numerous issues that arise in the course of providing clinical health care for Latino patients of various backgrounds. More than half of Hispanic young adults ages 18-25 with serious mental illness may not receive treatment. Linden tea and lemon grass tea for nerves (anxiety). Today, one in three farm workers are newcomers to the United States, with most of these coming from Mexico. Copyright 2013 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. National Prevention Week 2020 is about Our Lives. Hispanic refers to people who speak Spanish and/or are descended from Spanish-speaking populations, while Latino refers to people who are from or descended from people from Latin America. Mexican Americans are much less likely to be treated for hypertension than non-Latino whites (35 versus 49 percent).11 Targeted public health campaigns are needed for hypertension, diabetes prevention, and weight control. These factors have not been studied in Hispanics/Latinos with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Demographics and Addiction. Case 1: Delinquency or a Mental Health Problem: The Case of Pablo Sanchez, Case 3: From Chronic to Critical: End-of-Life Decisions. Hispanic Heritage Month, September 15 - October 15, is an important opportunity to raise awareness about these trends and more importantly, identify culturally and linguistically appropriate prevention and treatment strategies to reduce mental and substance use disorders in the Hispanic/Latino population. This somewhat short-term therapy model has consistently proven its effectiveness by many clinical studies. Hayes-Bautista relayed that one important theme presented in the collaborative workshops is how . In one survey of Mexican American nurses, family support was identified as one of the most important areas to which health care providers should attend while caring for Latino patients. Latino healing traditions include curanderismo in Mexico and much of Latin America, Santeria in Brazil and Cuba, and espiritismo in Puerto Rico.19 Curanderos, traditional healers, distinguish between hot and cold illnesses (Table 220 ) and occasionally between natural and unnatural (sorcery-related) diseases.19,20 Patients may seek out the care of brujos or brujas (wizards or witches) for the latter conditions. Davis Company, 1998): 397-421. Guide to Statistics and Methods; Guidelines; Hair Disorders; Health Care Delivery Models; . A child's failure to thrive may be attributed to mal de ojo (evil eye), a hex conveyed by an envious glance. Results: Teas were most commonly used for colic, upper respiratory tract symptoms, and abdominal pain. The U.S. Latino population is also quite young relative to the general U.S. population; in 2007, the median age for the former was 27.6, compared to 36.6 for the latter.2. They are a starting point, not an ending point; in other words, they call practitioners to look more deeply into the particular cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic contours of their patients' backgrounds and to open themselves to alternative ways of understanding and interpreting their patients' actions and requests. Such patient activation or motivation for change is more challenging in foreign-born Latinos, but may be achieved through active dialogue and discussion.32 Hopeful involvement in the care plan should replace fatalism or resignation. Our Health. al., "Racial and Ethnic Disparities," Chart 5-2. Information. An intention-to-treat approach using a last-observation-carried-forward method was used to analyze outcome data whereby the last available measurement for all participants was then used for all time points through the 12-month final follow-up. As with any circumscribed ethnic group, there is, of course, enormous cultural heterogeneity among Latino patients-to the point where it seems almost ludicrous to try to identify broad cultural tendencies across such diversity. Visit SAMHSA on Twitter Thus, when working with diverse populations in the United States . Some states have extremely large Latino populations; for instance, as of 2006, 36 percent of Californians (13.2 million people) identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino, as did 36 percent of Texans (8.6 million people). al., "Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Health Care: A Chartbook" (The Commonwealth Fund, March 2008), Charts 6-25 and 6-26; and Joseph R. Betancourt, Alexander R. Green, and J. Emilio Carrillo, "The Challenges of Cross-Cultural Healthcare-Diversity, Ethics, and the Medical Encounter," Bioethics Forum 16 (3). Asian or Hispanic ancestry. For Authors For Reviewers For Editors For Librarians For Publishers For Societies For Conference Organizers. In an NIMHD-funded study, Hirsh and a graduate student, Nicole Hollingshead, are testing whether a computer-simulated intervention can change doctors' attitudes and lead to better treatment for African Americans. Hispanics' experience with discrimination or being treated unfairly varies greatly by age. Courtney Parker, CC BY. This traditional food is high in fiber and pectin and lowers lipid levels by binding bile acids; when eaten with other foods, it reduces the glycemic index of the meal by 50 percent. Data Synthesis: Hispanics were identified homogenously in some studies and more correctly as a heterogeneous population in others. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations to disclose. A few candles were lit in the dark, curtained bedroom. Moreover, 32.7 percent (nearly one-third) of all U.S. Latinos completely lacked health insurance that year, compared with 15.3 percent in the general population; and nearly half of Latinos reported being uninsured at some point during the previous year.9 Latinos are nearly two and a half times more likely than whites to report that they have no regular doctor.10 Even among many insured Latinos, coverage and care are far from adequate. 16"Communicating with Your Latino Patient," University of Washington Medical Center, 2007; accessed at https://depts.washington.edu/pfes/PDFs/LatinoCultureClue.pdf. Karen Peterson-Iyer is a program specialist in health care ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. 58, Journal of . Intense but brief release of emotion thought to be caused by family conflict or anger, No immediate treatment other than calming the patient, Childhood condition characterized by irritability and diarrhea thought to be caused by abrupt withdrawal from the mother's breast, Holding the child upside down or applying gentle pressure to the hard palate, Constipation, cramps, or vomiting thought to be caused by overeating, Abdominal massage and herbal purgative teas; an egg passed over the abdomen supposedly sticks to the affected area, Steam inhalation and herbal treatments, including eucalyptus and mullein (gordolobo), Pelvic congestion and decreased libido thought to be caused by insufficient rest after childbirth, Cold air that is thought to cause respiratory infections and earaches, Steam baths, hot compresses, stimulating herbal teas, A hex cast on children, sometimes unconsciously, that is thought to be caused by the admiring gaze of someone more powerful, The hex can be broken if the person responsible for the hex touches the child, or if a healer passes an egg over the child's body; the egg is then broken into a bowl of water and placed under the child's bed; child may wear charms for protection, Unnatural illness that is not easily explained, Temporary paralysis of the face or limbs, often thought to be caused by a sudden hot-cold imbalance, Posttraumatic illness (e.g., shock, insomnia, depression, anxiety), Barrida ritual purification ceremony (herbs used to sweep patient's body) repeated until the patient improves, Eaten to alleviate hypertension and prevent arteriosclerosis; garlic juice is applied to stings and spider bites, Anticoagulant effect at high doses; avoid high doses in patients taking coumadin (Warfarin); high doses can cause heartburn and bad breath; reduces effectiveness of saquinavir (Invirase), Boiled flowers are used externally on bruises, For topical and homeopathic use only; avoid internal use (except for homeopathic preparations, which are considered safe); increased gastroenteritis and dyspnea risk with ingestion, Hepatotoxicity risk from pyrrolizidine alkaloids (in leaves) with high or prolonged doses, Spice used as antispasmodic and for upper respiratory infections; although promoted as a hypoglycemic agent, recent research is conflicting, Use with caution in patients taking hepatotoxic drugs; safe in usual food quantities, Cilantro (cilantro [leaf] or coriander [seed]), Tea used for anxiety, stomach cramps, and inflamed gums; more recently popularized for increasing the urinary excretion of heavy metals, No safety concerns, although there have been recalls because of salmonella and pesticide contamination, Oil used topically for toothache and bad breath, Eugenol in clove oil may affect blood clotting; toxic if ingested, especially in children, Tea or syrup used as an expectorant, a diuretic, and for constipation, liver problems, and gall stones; also used to induce menstruation, High doses may cause vomiting; avoid in pregnancy; no known interactions, Leaf tea used for anxiety and lethargy, most popular as an aphrodisiac, Theoretical concern of cyanogenic glycoside toxicity with higher doses, Tea used for intestinal parasites; herb is added to beans to prevent flatulence, Chenopodium oil is also used as an antihelmintic but may be toxic (ascaridole content), Tea used for upset stomach and menstrual cramps, and to prevent diarrhea, Long-term ingestion causes absinthism (trembling, vertigo, thirst, delirium); thujone in the essential oil is neurotoxic and may cause seizures, Boiled leaves used for asthma in vaporizers; popular in lozenges for sore throat; also sometimes used as topical disinfectant, Ingesting eucalyptus oil may cause vomiting, diarrhea, delirium, and convulsions; avoid using in vaporizers for children younger than six years, Tea used to treat cough and sore throat; one study reports use for otitis, No known safety concerns (insufficient data) or drug interactions, High doses may cause anticoagulant effects and excess gas or bloating, Fruit juice used for fever, upper respiratory infection (classic cooling herb), and hypertension, Weed leaf used externally for burns, bruises, mouth sores, and hemorrhoids; tea taken orally for respiratory infections, Eaten as part of diet; has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and laxative properties; also used as hangover treatment and for hyperlipidemia, May inhibit drug absorption; excess consumption may cause diarrhea and nausea, Leaf tea used to treat cough, indigestion, and, Safe in small quantities in food, but contains monoterpene ketones, which can cause toxicity (intestinal irritation, kidney damage, abortion, seizures), Toxic herb used to induce menstruation and abort fetuses, Toxic; avoid oral use; may cause renal and hepatic damage; furocoumarins can cause skin photosensitivity, Tea from dried flowers used to relieve cough, Yerba buena (mints, including spearmint and, Mint tea relieves upset stomach and headaches, Safe in usual quantities, but spearmint oil is a mucous membrane irritant and potentially toxic when ingested, Topical use for burns; occasionally ingested, Safe for topical use; juice is relatively safe; ingestion of aloe resin (a purgative) may cause diarrhea, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and prolonged bleeding; potential interactions with hypoglycemics and cardiac glycosides, Safe as a food seasoning, toxic alveolitis reported from inhaling lemongrass oil, A Physician's Practical Guide to Culturally Competent Care, Hispanic Center of Excellence (Baylor College of Medicine and University of Texas-Pan American), Language Line Services (interpreter services), Office of Minority Health: Cultural Competency, Office of Minority Health: National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS), Oregon Health & Science University: Spanish education handouts for clinicians, Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (TACCT) Resource Guide, Transcultural Nursing: Diversity in Health and Illness, University of Washington Medical Center: Culture Clues tip sheets.