examples of socialization in school examples of socialization in school

In an analysis of streaming processes by province, Krahn and Taylor (2007) examined how course selection limited the post-secondary education options available to students in selected provinces. Clubs, Fraternities, and Sororities. Not all post-secondary institutions, however, accept ELA 30-2 for entry. The media, in particular, have been quick to endorse a position that suggests that the main problem can be found in the ongoing feminization of schooling. Because reading is highly associated with overall academic achievement and later-life occupational attainment, this is a problem that has tremendous sociological implications. The argument that because school teachers are almost exclusively female, schools are a place where male interests are not cultivated. Young people tend to build their social identities around specific peer groups, particularly in adolescence. Secondary socialization refers to the social learning that children undergo when they enter other social institutions, like school. For females, clothes that reveal too much of the body are explicitly banned, while for males, styles of dress associated with hip-hop music (i.e., being able to see boxer shorts above the waistband of a males jeans) are targeted. The findings suggest that at-risk children may be socialized into a cycle of negative interactions with teachers, which may not only contribute to their future delinquency but also reduce their academic performance. In many ways, the teacher serves as a parental replacement during school hours, although this figure must be shared with many other children and the relationship is more emotionally distant. Introduction to the Sociology of Education, A Case Study of a Major Education-Related News Item in Canada, Using the Sociology of Education to Help Understand the Events in Attawapiskat, Bronfenbrenner and Ecological Systems Theory, The Development of Education in the Rest of Canada, The History of Aboriginal Education in Canada, Funding of Primary and Secondary Education in Canada, Public and Private Post-secondary Education, Historical Events in Canadian Curriculum Development. The Manitoba Ministry of Education describes Consumer Mathematics in the following way: The Consumer Mathematics curriculum emphasizes number sense, consumer problem solving, and decision making. Goths, skaters, punks, headbangers, and emos are all names given to groups that have been found within adolescent peer groups in schools, all of which are oriented around particular tastes in music and fashion. This act supplanted the Education Act (Section 23), which previously allowed only principals to suspend students and school boards to expel students. For example, we learn the importance of obeying authority and Although the mitigating factors clause was supposed to protect such students, the statistics indicated otherwise. If they do not go to school, how do they learn many of the basic skills that are engrained in the early years of the school experience? Overall, Raby and Domitrek (2007) have found that Canadian youth seemed to be generally supportive of rules they regarded as protective (rules prohibiting fighting and bringing weapons to school, for example), as long as they were presented as logical and enforced fairly in practice. Describe the processes by which socialization occurs in schools. No Way! Of course, the socialization that results from primary socialization rests heavily upon the social class, ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds and attitudes of the family. In this chapter, the complex role of socialization within schools was introduced. For example, the government funds public schools, which play a key role in children's socialization. Effective school climates can positively influence students, despite their home conditions, race, gender, or social class (McEvoy and Welker 2000). The peer group becomes more important in adolescence as a source of emotional security and identity. Moral education and character education are even found in some provinces curricula (Box 6.1). Such reading materials functioned as a type of social or cultural capital within their groups of friends. They also tended to be popular. This phenomenon of a network of disadvantageous social ties has been called negative social capital (Portes 1998). This type of aggression is often simply referred to as meanness. Students who exhibit higher academic aptitude are put with similar students into advanced courses where they will be challenged. The Britney look consisted of tight jeans and midriff-baring tops, while the JLo look was characterized by figure-hugging velour track suits. Recent immigrant youth may also be placed in lower tracks due to their English language skills, rather than their overall academic ability (Sweet et al. Differentiate between the home schooled experience and outcomes of socialization with those who attend school. How do relationships with teachers influence the socialization of students? The failure of children to be socially accepted by their peers. And the grand outcome of socialization is also theorized to be the result of how all the systems interact with one another. Sussman et al. WebSocialization is the process by which people learn the culture of their society (Chambliss and Eglitis 87). Agents of socialization are the social structures in which socialization occurs. Such factors may include the ability of the student to control his or her own behaviour (Daniel and Bondy 2008). In Chapter 4, for example, research by Willms (2008) was considered which argued that French immersion programs act as an informal streaming mechanism as French immersion students tend to be from significantly higher socio-economic backgrounds and less likely to have a learning disability. Peer groups can also be thought of as a form of social capital (see Chapter 2). The dimension of socialization in which children learn about accepted perspectives and styles of expression, which reflect normative cultural values. 2007), teens in the deviant groups tended to have lower self-esteem and life satisfaction compared to other groups, and also tended to have poor parenting. Cohens examples of moral panics surrounded various youth cultures, particularly the Mods and Rockers of the early 1960s, and how the media portrayed them as a threat to established law and social order. This process not only accustoms people to social groups but also Pomerantz (2007) argues that dress codes work to contain young womens sexuality (p. 383) through the reproduction of a specific type of femininityone that is White, middle-class, and heterosexual. Socialization 101: Definition, Agents, and Examples of Socializing Students are active in decisions surrounding the administration of the school, content of learning, and social events. School administrators argued that the girls were in violation of the school dress code and that the practice had been banned by school because the duct tape outfits had become too racy in previous years.7. A major emphasis in the curriculum is learning practical life skills and how to develop trust for persons in authority. Within the outer ring, teachers are also included as exemplars of moral behaviour (see Box 6.1). What are some conflicts that arise around the topic of school rules? Sokal (2010) found no evidence that computer-assisted literacy programs had any influence on Canadian males from low socioeconomic backgrounds who struggled with reading. Current practices appear to reflect the desire to create obedient future employees or citizens (Raby 2005). Stanley Cohen (1972) coined the term moral panic to refer to the social phenomenon of mass attention being given to topics that appear to threaten the established social order. The first of these dimensions is behavioural conformity. What are some examples of streaming? Religion. How did you perceive other groups? What group(s) were you in? Furthermore, socialization can be divided into two types: primary socialization and secondary socialization. Socialization: Social institutions provide the structure within which individuals learn the norms and values of society. In other words, boys need to be in places where traditional expressions of masculinities can be fostered and nurtured because the current organization of school does not allow this. The term became associated with school disciplinary procedures in 1994 when the Gun-Free Schools Act was passed in the United States, which required that students who possessed a firearm at school be expelled for no less than one year (Cerrone 1999). Deviants, elites, and to some extent jocks were more likely to drink, while deviants were the group most likely to use marijuana. Learning the expected appropriate behaviours and values of the schools system is a complex ongoing process of socialization. In Canada, research using data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth has found that the social climate within schools and classrooms has important effects on children who display early signs of behavioural problems. In this instruction, children are taught desirable and undesirable virtues. Girls are bullied for being unattractive, not being dressed fashionably, and being physically overdeveloped (Shakeshaft and Barber 1995). The third dimension of socialization is cultural conformity. Students usually have little or no say in how these rules are developed and are therefore on unequal social footing in the sense that the rules are presented to them to be followed as a condition of their participation in education. Beattie (2004) also did research on an alternative school in Toronto called the Corktown Community High School. 2010). The school rules, which must be followed by students, exist at the core. The inner ring is characterized by explicit moral instruction. She notes that style is perceived to be a voice of resistance among many girls, but also queries whether such an en masse expression of resistance through consumption of fashion and music can really be considered resistance if so many young people seem to be doing itat least to some extent. Check provincial ministry of education websites for curriculum requirements and identify the differences between streams. Examine how official documents discuss the objectives of the different groups of courses. In general, students who plan to attend a post-secondary institution, regardless of their specific career aspirations, need to familiarize themselves with the entry requirements of the institution and program the plan to enter. Brint (1998) identifies three major dimensions of socialization as it pertains to schooling, which are illustrated in Figure 6.1. All three dimensions refer to a type of conformity that identifies an ideal that students are expected to emulate. (Ontario Ministry of Education 2004) and Me Read? What problems are being identified? This is a basic but surprisingly complex and difficult process that benefits from experience, knowledge and effort. Skelton (2001) has noted, however, that the predominance of female teachers is not a new thing but has been the status quo since the nineteenth century. The conflicts that students have with such rules were also highlighted. Dunstable School in Alberta, for example, has instituted policies that promote socially desirable behaviour. His teacher Social control: Social institutions help to maintain stability and order within society. Adapted from Dreeben, Robert, 1968, On What is Learned in School, Percheron Press, A Division of Eliot Werner Publications, Inc., Used with permission. If she shows too much of her body, males will become distracted (which is her fault). Being presented with that curriculum is one way that children are socialized into becoming desirable members of the public. In Alberta, applied English language arts are designated the course abbreviation of ELA 10-2 (Grade 10), 20-2 (Grade 11), and 30-2 (Grade 12). As discussed above, the teacher becomes an important new figure of authority for young children when they first begin formal schooling. It was emphasized that children have to learn how to be students and that the teacher is largely in charge of not only subject-specific education, but also the teaching of morals and values. In April of 2007, zero tolerance policies were removed from Ontario schools.6. Peer aggression can also take the form of relational aggression, which has been identified as behaviour specific to girls (Artz 1998; Simmons 2002). Box 6.4 Alternative Approaches to School Rules. While the media may tend to overemphasize the home schooling practices of the religious right in Canada and the United States, many parents in Canada choose to home school not for religious reasons, but because they are dissatisfied with the curriculum and/or the social environment of schools. Identify how the role of the family differs from the role of the school in the socialization process. In fact, mile Durkheim (1973) proposed a protracted role for educators in socializing children into morality. Sociology of Education in Canada by Dr. Karen L. Robson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Such instances spark debate around the role of schools in promoting particular social values. In contrast, Pre-calculus mathematics is described as designed for students who will be continuing studies at the post-secondary level in fields related to mathematics and science. Similarly, students who attend private schools can be conceptualized as having been streamed into elite classes that tend to reproduce social stratification in society. The ways school socialises a person. Socialization is a process of inheriting the customs, ethnicity and philosophies which provides them with expertise and ways which are important for the people to be a part of their own society. Sociologists have divided socialization in Six (6) groups. The first one is Primary socialization in which the Many researchers have called the reaction to perceived underachievement by boys a global moral panic (see, for example, Griffin 2000; Smith 2003; Weaver-Hightower 2003). An applied stream is called Consumer Mathematics, while the academic stream is called Pre-calculus Mathematics. 3. 2010). The majority of these codes tend to focus on issues surrounding dress codes and behaviour toward other students, teachers, and staff, while some include zero tolerance policies. WebInterests. How do they contribute to student socialization? While the characteristics of teachers in the process of socialization have been discussed above, another related feature that has been found to be associated with behavioural outcomes in children is school climate. Verbal abuse by the teacher (which consisted of verbal humiliation, name-calling, and yelling) was also found to negatively impact on students academic achievement. [S]tudents who aspire to careers that involve the development, production, teaching and study of more complex texts need to register in this course sequence. The table above shows the differences and similarities between the curricula of the two streams. Give examples of how each works. The influence teachers exert over students in their delivery of curriculum has been addressed above and in the previous chapter. Placing students in special education, for example, requires that students be labelled as formally needing specialized assistance in order to succeed with curricular expectations (Hibel, Farkas, and Morgan 2010). In order to address the boy problem, the Ontario Ministry of Education has created guides for improving boys literacy.8 Booklets called Me Read? Schools were not equipped to deal with students with social and emotional disabilities, and it was these very students who were disproportionately punished through the Safe Schools Act. The second part discusses gender socialization with a close look and discussion on feminist theory. But perhaps the worst part of school, especially public In Canada, children from elementary to high school levels spend about seven hours a day at school for about 200 days of the year. Many critics of home schooling have argued that because school is such an important basis for socialization, this can only mean that children who are home schooled are going to be missing out on some very key aspects of socialization. Such outcomes suggest that the home schooled adults who answered the survey did not suffer from barriers due to socialization problems. Since 2007 in Ontario and 2005 in Alberta, character education has been part of the official curriculum in public schools. As well, bully victims are often targeted for being too smart (Fried 1997) or below average intelligence (Olweus 1978) and being of a lower socioeconomic background (Bernstein and Watson 1997). Streaming, seen this way, may therefore act to reproduce social inequalities by limiting post-secondary opportunities (Sweet et al. Meanness also includes such behaviours as name-calling, ridicule, sarcasm, and giving other girls the silent treatment. Research on girls meanness has found that middle-class girls more frequently participate in this type of aggression because it is within this social class that the rules of femininity are the least flexible. Creating and enforcing codes of conduct can therefore be viewed as a form of socialization whose objective it is to create the desirable student. A teacher, for example, is largely in charge of the student, but the relationship that a child has with a teacher is far less intimate than the relationship a child shares with his or her parents; A student must also adapt to spending a significant amount of time in large groups; A child must learn to be independent to achieve the academic goals of school; A child must also learn to form bonds and develop social bonds with other children in school; and. Apple (2000) argues that home schoolers not only remove children from school, but also have gone so far as to isolate themselves into separate factions. The home schooled also tended to attach a great deal more importance to religious beliefs than the comparable population. They rejected the image presented by the preppy and popular girls, who, according to the skater girls, spent their leisure time shopping for fashionable, sexy clothing; applying makeup; flirting with boys; and talking about fashion and popular music (p. 145). Humans are innately social and thrive in communication, comradery and competition with others. Peer victimization and rejection have been found to be associated with psychological distress that carries over into adulthood (Ambert 1994; Bagwell, Newcomb, and Bukowski 1998; Roff 1990; Roth, Coles, and Heimberg 2002). Socialized Delinquency. Canadian researchers have examined the meanness of girls in relation to their popularity (Currie and Kelly 2006; Currie, Kelly, and Pomerantz 2007). Children who have negative relationships with teachers are also more likely to view school as an unpleasant place and be at a disadvantage in terms of learning. (2010), such conditions can only negatively impact the achievements of these students and further constrain their post-secondary prospects. Socialized delinquency is the violation of the law by individuals younger than 18 years that 2. Variation and Formulas Completing a Portfolio, English Language Arts Streaming in Alberta, Mathematics is not the only subject that is streamed. Within the school setting, social competence is achieved when students embrace and achieve socially sanctioned goals. Charter schools (Chapter 4) can also be thought of as streaming children, but of instead of streaming them into ability groups, they are streamed into particular philosophical or religious orientations. Socialization is a twofold process occurring at both the social and individual levels that accomplish two main goals. Many children arrive at school with behavioural problems and emotional needs that are not met in the family environment. The family still remains an important part of childrens socialization, even when they enter into school. Children who withdraw from peer interactions also limit their ability to fit into their peer group (Coie and Kupersmidt 1983; Dodge 1983). At-risk children who display early aggression and signs of early offending can have these risks reduced if the school environment is a supportive one. Individual subjects in school also have a tendency to be sex-stereotyped. They found that Chinese boys were stereotyped as unmanly by White boys and that the White, middle-class definition of masculinity was realized through the rewarding of physically aggressive performances in PE class by these males and by their physical and verbal intimidation of the Chinese-Canadian males through the playing of football and dodgeball. Adults who were homeschool as kids are civically engaged and well adjusted. She notes that while dress code infractions for girls typically are focused on body containment (e.g., showing too much cleavage), for boys it is about containing ethnic or racial identities. It should be noted that informal mechanisms of streaming, however, can also be understood as the outcomes of other schooling practices that occur at the level of the institution. Home schooled children typically follow the curriculum of their province of residence. Peer victimizationrefers to physical and emotional abuse experienced by children from other childrenotherwise known as bullying. Social approval is obtained when children accept the sanctioned goals of the school setting and they are rewarded and reinforced on a consistent basis through social acceptance by teachers and other students (Wentzel and Looney 2006).