Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring Southern states back into the Union What was a Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. At the end of the day, what did it mean to be an American, and whose rights were deserving of the full protection of the U.S. government? With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. 132 0 obj <>stream How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? and any corresponding bookmarks? Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. Did Congress do anything about white violence? The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). and then to be taken up again in the Civil Rights struggles of the 20th century. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment in January 1865, formally outlawing slavery in the United States. It gave women the right to vote in the United States. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. What synonym clue shows up in the next paragraph? The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. 2. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. y@bi(^k^izu#(fN@)Z4x[wN)Gd\JvWma:M;:*BL5;Sh`2lM^YQ2k(!W7.W)J0>krA"eXk+n R/B.zuu7' ]apJ|_wv^k| +^|B`:H$wlEnT*8@0vX{[rm6FoN,iE?FF/mh@u'Q{$]pJn07a8Y9U-A/, S7GYjkQUKC2"qxLa=23P21 |0Cm)r PS)et%.H e' The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. While this lesson will not provide answers for all of these questions, the hope is that it will point students in the direction of seeking out such answers with the documents and the interactive provided and formulating their own similar kinds of questions. that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. Who had been his early political supporters? What segregated (separated) blacks & whites after Reconstruction. In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. While one document cannot speak to the effects of the war on an entire group, it will give students an insight into what may have represented a common experience and reaction to Reconstruction policy. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. Who was it supposed to help? Congressional Reconstruction. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. He told the southern states to reject it. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. %%EOF they wre industrialists and bankers. 0 What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. Over the next two years, partially due to the help of newly enfranchised African American male voters, all ten states complied with the Reconstruction Acts mandates. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' blacks could vote and hold office. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. The 10 year period after the Civil War is. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. %PDF-1.5 % View Screenshot 2023-03-01 at 8.13.38 PM.png from SOCIAL STUDIES 58557 at Mt Zion High School. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., Was corruption now any less? Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. many became sharecroppers. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. WebThe Reconstruction period lasted from 1865 to 1877. No. Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. The sentence contains at least one complement. The new legislation was passed in July over Johnson's veto. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. Why did white southerners move to take the vote away from blacks at the end of the century? The Radical. Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army. answer choices D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". Where did most black Americans live in 1900? Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. answer choices Time period after the Civil War Attempt to rebuild and reunite the North and South When 3 new amendments to the Constitution were passed All of the above! He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. Select all that apply. WebWhat is Reconstruction? 2. and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. xT+&DLeD While much progress could be seen in things like the exponential growth of railroads, even an optimistic reading of these barometers had to be tempered by an acknowledgement that doubling track mileage does not amount to much when the starting point was so low. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. A Democrat and the only senator from the South who remained loyal to the Union, Johnson at first seemed ready to take a hard line against the former Confederacy. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. No. Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Some of this language may be difficult for students to understand without some guidance. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? WebCompare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. It was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? corruption did not come to an end. Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. there was corruption, but no more in the South than the North and no more than usual in the gov't, but Democrats kept this myth alive to keep power. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. RZhC This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. What happened to black HUKo0WhUK( A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican. it was now all white corruption so did not attract as much attention. 5. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. General Grant National Memorial, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, reconstruction era national historical park, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park. Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Fear of black rule. The next century would see African Americans continuing to fight for the legal rights they had been granted and were rightfully entitled to. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. Johnson's policies. At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. Compare Allende's description of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the narrator and Petrus in "Six Feet of the Country". Explain your choice. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. (113M This was all Congress needed to begin impeachment proceedings. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? The impact of scandal on the national political debate was real. Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. If loading fails, click here to try again. 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They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Much of the legislation enacted in the name of racial equality was to be undone in the coming years by rulings coming from the Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson, The Civil Rights Cases, etc.) Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. Question 4 The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Would he or she feel anger over, anything? Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? %%EOF Once you are finished, click the button below. Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. While there were some improvements in African American life in the post-war South, many whites were reluctant to abandon their racist attitudes and biased practices. hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. 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The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. *SY(u% 9 his early supporters were farmers in east Tennessee who didn't own slaves. It was known as the 10% Plan. Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's WebReconstruction refers to the period 1) the period before the Civil War 2) the period after the Civil War 3) the era of civil rights movement 4) the era after the Revolutionary War 2. the What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? wF.*is5oGYqUTsaqrY)$y, "beVv1=;"urk{k"56#UEli[EB9}qJ=YY@jOU{[89K,2M``